Cho A=\(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}+...+\frac{1}{99^2}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\frac{1}{5}\)<A<\(\frac{1}{4}\)
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Câu hỏi của Trần Minh Hưng - Toán lớp | Học trực tuyến
Bài 3:
a,Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\)
A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
2A = \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\)
2A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\right)\)
3A = \(1-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
=> 3A < 1
=> A < \(\frac{1}{3}\)(đpcm)
b, Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
3A = \(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
3A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
4A = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=> 4A < \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\) (1)
Đặt B = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
3B = \(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
3B + B = \(\left(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
4B = \(3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=> 4B < 3
=> B < \(\frac{3}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra 4A < B < \(\frac{3}{4}\)=> A < \(\frac{3}{16}\)(đpcm)
\(A=\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{2}{5^3}+.....+\frac{99}{5^{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}+......+\frac{99}{5^{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5A-A=\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}+....+\frac{99}{5^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{2}{5^3}+...+\frac{99}{5^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+......+\frac{1}{5^{99}}-\frac{99}{5^{100}}\)
Đặt : \(H=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+....+\frac{1}{5^{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5H=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+....+\frac{1}{5^{98}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5H-H=\left(1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+....+\frac{1}{5^{98}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{99}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4H=1-\frac{1}{5^{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow H=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4.5^{99}}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4A< B< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{16}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(C=\frac{1.2-1}{2!}+\frac{2.3-1}{3!}+....+\frac{99.100-1}{100!}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{1.2}{2!}-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2.3}{3!}-\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{99.100}{100!}-\frac{1}{100!}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(\frac{1.2}{2!}+\frac{2.3}{3!}+...+\frac{99.100}{100!}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{100!}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(2+\frac{3.4}{4!}+\frac{4.5}{5!}+....+\frac{99.100}{100!}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{10!}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(2+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{98!}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+...+\frac{1}{100!}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C=2-\frac{1}{99!}-\frac{1}{100!}< 2\Rightarrow C< 2\)
\(b,C=\frac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{5}{2^2.3^2}+....+\frac{19}{9^2.10^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{3}{\left(1.2\right)\left(1.2\right)}+\frac{5}{\left(2.3\right)\left(2.3\right)}+...+\frac{19}{\left(9.10\right)\left(9.10\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{3}{1.2}.\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{5}{2.3}.\frac{1}{2.3}+....+\frac{19}{9.10}.\frac{1}{9.10}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+....+\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{10}\right)\left(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C=1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{9}+....+\frac{1}{81}-\frac{1}{90}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=1-\frac{1}{90}< 1\Rightarrow C< 1\)